Since the introduction of devolution in Kenya through the 2010 Constitution, county governments have played a critical role in bringing services closer to the people. But what exactly do county governments do?
In this article, we’ll break down the key roles of county governments in Kenya and why they matter to citizens.
What is a County Government?
A county government is the administrative body in charge of managing a specific region (or “county”) within Kenya. There are 47 counties in Kenya, each with its own local government that operates semi-independently from the national government.
Each county is headed by an elected Governor, along with a County Assembly made up of elected Members of County Assembly (MCAs).
Key Roles of the County Government
Here are the main responsibilities of county governments in Kenya:
1. Service Delivery
County governments are in charge of delivering essential services directly to the people, such as:
- Health services (e.g., county hospitals, clinics, and dispensaries)
- Water and sanitation
- Early childhood education (ECDE)
- Agricultural extension services
- County roads and transport
✅ These services aim to improve daily life and economic productivity at the grassroots level.
2. Resource Management
County governments manage local resources and finances. This includes:
- Budgeting and expenditure of county funds
- Collection of local revenues (e.g., parking fees, trade licenses)
- Implementing development projects based on local priorities
❗Proper financial management ensures efficient use of taxpayer money.
3. Local Legislation
County Assemblies have the power to create and pass by-laws and regulations that are specific to the needs of their communities.
For example:
- Rules for trading centers and markets
- Land use planning
- Environmental regulations
4. Promotion of Economic Development
County governments are tasked with:
- Creating an enabling environment for local businesses
- Supporting small-scale farmers, traders, and entrepreneurs
- Investing in infrastructure like roads and marketplaces
✅ The goal is to create jobs and reduce poverty within the county.
5. Public Participation and Accountability
County governments must involve citizens in decision-making through:
- Public forums and town halls
- Participation in budgeting and development planning
🗣️ This ensures transparency and that development reflects the actual needs of the people.
Relationship with the National Government
While county governments manage local matters, the national government is responsible for broader functions such as:
- Defense and national security
- Immigration and foreign affairs
- National infrastructure and education policy
The two levels of government are designed to work interdependently and cooperatively.
Final Thoughts
The county government plays a crucial role in transforming lives at the grassroots level. From healthcare to infrastructure and local business support, their decisions affect our daily lives more directly than we often realize.
As a citizen, it’s important to stay informed and participate in county matters — because good governance begins with you.
Want more simplified civic education articles? Bookmark this blog for weekly insights on governance, rights, and public services in Kenya.